Conflict and culture Essay Example for Free

Strife and culture Essay Strife is an indispensable piece of human culture. At the point when various individuals of connect with their own individual viewpoints, see focuses, belief systems, social and social foundations and scholarly advancement then contrasts and discussions will undoubtedly emerge as a sensible and inescapable outcome of the collaboration (Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003, 3). These distinctions, followed up on by incongruent interests of accomplishing individual objectives, change into strife inside gatherings, social orders and countries. (Rahim, 2001,1) The more noteworthy the assorted variety and more extravagant the profile of a general public, the more prominent is the extension and scope of its implanted clash. Along these lines it is fundamental to instruct individuals on comprehension and taking care of contention and treat as a vital segment of a majority rule society that is significant for building up a sound public activity (Killian and Pammer Jr. 2003, 3). In each contention, regardless of whether it is individual or at social scale, culture has consistently a significant task to carry out. Contingent on the entertainers in question and the setting of contention, the job of culture in strife can be immediate or unobtrusive, however it is consistently present as a definitive factor in choosing the extent of contention, its bearing or its result. Culture even chooses the presence of contention, for individuals who are implanted in the way of life of considering world to be an amicable element, may not know about any contention through their life. In all the significant questions, discussions and contradiction occurring around world, contrasts in social characters and recognitions are key causative elements. An additional proof of the job that culture plays is displayed by harmony and concordance existing among social orders that have same culture, for example, saw among USA and Britain, sharing same verifiable and social roots. Each contention, regardless of whether it is trans-generational, topographical, strict, authoritative, or individual, has a social part included. Individuals revered in their own way of life frequently respond with antagonistic vibe against any social character that seems in opposition to their manner of thinking and thoughts. It follows thusly that any exertion of compromise needs to fuse social comprehension and recognize the presence and need of decent variety (in the same place).

Homework and Paper Activities Essay Example for Free

Schoolwork and Paper Activities Essay As an instructor, I will actualize an exacting standard with respect to schoolwork and other administrative work. Home works are carefully to be done at home and ought to be quickly passed when the understudy shows up in the study hall, The reason for this is to abstain from cheating among the understudies and to urge them more to do things without anyone else. In any case, understudies are permitted to talk about the assignment among themselves during breaks. This is to advance learning by free conversation of thoughts and contemplations. Paper exercises, for example, research facility works should just be passed during the assigned class hours. Papers that are to be finished by sets might be comparable however they ought not be an absolute imitate of one another. In conclusion, any late accommodation of the papers will consequently be exposed to reasoning to show the understudies to breathe easy and obey rules. As my general convention, the class will begin 5 minutes after the assigned time. This is to permit understudies to sign the participation sheet and set up the things required for the class which I will post on the board. I will likewise execute an energizer action to acquaint the subject with class and to get the class’ consideration for the point. A talk with intuitive conversation will trail that and an assessment movement, for example, a test will be done to evaluate the understudies learning. Any exercises during the class, for example, going to bathroom or center ought to be oppressed for my authorization. I will just permit 10 minutes for bathroom exercises to abstain from playing hooky of understudies. On the off chance that the following class is to be led to another study hall, I will excuse the class 5 minutes before an opportunity to permit them to get ready for the following class. Understudies are required to get any litter found in the floor. Work areas are likewise to be sorted out and the gathering alloted for the day ought to delete the board upon my consent. After all the things are done, a solitary document will be shaped before heading off to another homeroom to keep the understudies sorted out. Rules, outcomes and prizes are significant in dealing with the homeroom. These three things alongside the arrangement of encouraging methodologies are useful in keeping up balance and protecting congruity between the instructor and the understudies. On the off chance that the standards, outcomes and prizes are all around arranged, set up and educated to the understudies, at that point any misconception or clashes will be stayed away from (Laslett and Smith 1984). The following are my built up rules, results and rewards which I based from Kohlberg’s phases of good turn of events.

Black Men and Public Space Essay Example

Dark Men and Public Space Essay Dark Men and Public Space Tyrone a youthful dark man, brought up in the South Bronx, needed only the best to prevail for his future. A straight An understudy in school. Not even once in a tough situation with the law, was unjustly blamed for homicide. Tyrone was disapproving of his business strolling to his nearby bodega, when this guiltless woman was looted and cut to death directly before him. The dark man who carried out the wrongdoing fled the scene. Tyrone was there when this all occurred. The police showed up to the scene immediately to scrutinize all the observers; they all denounced Tyrone in light of the fact that he was the main dark man in the region. Tyrone an honest dark man had encountered what â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† manage consistently. Brent Staple’s article, â€Å"Black Men and Public Space† reveals the racial profiling and obliviousness he encounters out in broad daylight spaces from others as a youthful dark man into his more seasoned age. Staples’ shares with his perusers a portion of his own experiences when he was generalized by his physical appearance. Staples’ additionally represents his internal battle of acknowledgment of not being dreaded no more. In today’s society many dark men have gained notoriety for other dark men that don't merit the treatment they get as though they were hoodlums. The same number of good dark men there are, who demonstrate that not every dark man are crooks, it won't prevent individuals from being cliché. As Brent Staples expressed, â€Å"Black men exchange stories like this all the time†. As normal generalizing might be, it can cause somebody to feel distanced. To realize your physical appearance can cause such dread, when you know you can’t even hurt a mouse. We will compose a custom exposition test on Black Men and Public Space explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Black Men and Public Space explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom article test on Black Men and Public Space explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Living in today’s society, would one say one is inappropriate to generalization an individual if that individual looks dubious and causes you to feel perilous? Would it be a good idea for one to feel sub-par in light of the fact that they’re being generalized? Brent Staples decided to utilize his very own encounters as a dark man to clarify how he is generalized by society. He reviews the absolute first time he was generalized, was by a youthful white lady which he alludes to her as his first casualty. They were strolling in an abandoned road when he saw that she kept on looking back at him all stressed, and after a couple of more looks she started to run vigorously. Staples expected that the lady was alarm due to his skin shading, however I’m sure it wasn’t all do to his composition. He proceeds to tell his perusers how individuals would go across the road to make sure they would not need to stroll close to him. I should concede, I myself can be cliché. In any case, am I wrong for it? Living in New York City you hear frequently on the news lady being assaulted, robbed, and killed. I’m not supremacist but rather I need to play it safe to remain safe. In the event that I see a dark man that falls in the models of a lawbreaker or hooligan strolling to near me or toward me, I do frenzy and stroll as quick as Possible to escape. My grandma was once ransacked and ambushed by a dark man in Washington Heights, so it’s hard for me not to generalization a dark man when somebody so dear to me was harmed by one. Staples shows his battle for acknowledgments from individuals whom are frightened of him. He proceeds to state that he presently plays it safe to maintain a strategic distance from circumstances he has encountered. He currently whistles tunes from Beethoven and Vivaldi when he goes for strolls around evening time on the grounds that nobody will expect a mugger knows old style music. Rather than individuals intersection to the opposite side of the road, he’ll stay away from those that may appear to be sketchy of him. It appears that he does this fair to fit in to society. None of this will change the manner in which dark men are generalized. In secondary school, I had a companion who was a dark male; it appeared to me he was continually looking for consideration. He made it his need to ensure he was preferred and acknowledged by everybody. I was constantly inquisitive to why. Until one day I knew precisely why. In his past school in North Carolina, he was blamed for attacking a young lady since he was dark. The school he went to was generally whites and extremely bigot so he didn't have such a large number of companions. This young lady was continually giving him trouble, continually offering uninformed remarks towards him. She felt if she somehow happened to make a charge about him she would dispose of him and he would not have the option to go to the school. To make a long story short, it was demonstrated that her charge was false. He was damaged to such an extent that his family sent him to live in NYC. He never needed to encounter anything like that until kingdom come, that he ensured he got acknowledgment from everybody. Dark men and open space will keep on encountering these circumstances. We can't change the manner in which individuals think and judge. Sadly most of dark men, who are hoodlums, will keep on giving an awful notoriety for those that are definitely not. We face a daily reality such that we must be in high aware of keep up safe. There’s no purpose behind anybody to feel the commitment or need to act a specific way so those that are making a decision about them can feel a conviction that all is good, the manner in which Brent Staples did. For whatever length of time that you know you’re not that kind of individual, you can't let someone’s judgment prevent you from succeeding and demonstrating that you are not a measurement.

The Relationship Between Smell and Class in Eileen - Literature Essay Samples

In Ottessa Moshfegh’s novel Eileen, the first person point of view creates a duality between the narrator, Lena, and the younger version of herself, who is the protagonist of the story. This duality allows Lena to pass judgment on her younger self, and to identify moments where Eileen is in denial of her own fears and anxieties. She alludes to her discomfort with her working-class position through a discussion of body odor; Eileen compares her own smell—which is a result of her inability to shower, use expensive perfumes, or buy new clothing—with that of middle class women, who are afforded those privileges. She subverts the stereotypes of class by attributing negative characteristics to fragrance—a sign of wealth and outward vanity—while creating a positive image of herself and her denial of beauty conventions. By not explicitly referring to her class, she emphasizes its importance, as such passages do not align with her candid and brutally honest narration style. The way in which Eileen aligns herself against members of a higher class shows her desire to escape feelings of isolation and otherness, which are heavily related to her class position. As a single woman living in a poor neighborhood and taking care of an alcoholic father, Eileen is unable to participate in the conventions of womanhood in the same way as others—such as her sister Joanie, her own mother, the mothers at the prison, or Rebecca. Her development is stagnated and she attempts to reject womanhood, often showing a disgust for femininity. One example of her attempt to reconcile her discomfort with her class and womanhood in relation to others is when she is discussing body odor:These highly scented people are not to be trusted. They are predators. They are like the dogs who roll around in one another’s feces. It’s very disturbing. Although I was generally paranoid about how I smelled—if my sweat stank, if my breath was as bad as my mouth tastedâ₠¬â€I never wore perfume, and I always preferred the scentless soaps and lotions. Nothing calls more attention to one’s odor than a fragrance meant to mask it. (Moshfegh 29)It can be implied that the â€Å"highly scented† people who Eileen is referring to are of a higher class than her, as they are able to afford perfumes and fragrances that allow them to hide the natural smell of body odor. While body odor is typically connoted with the natural and the animalistic, Eileen reverses these expectations in her description of the â€Å"highly scented† when she compares them to â€Å"predators† and â€Å"dogs who roll around in one another’s feces.† The use of the word â€Å"predators† gives a sense of danger, while also creating the implication that when there is a predator, there must be prey—in this case, Eileen fulfills the role of prey. This description, when juxtaposed with the simile of â€Å"dogs [] in one another’s feces,† creates an unsettling and dirty image of people otherwise viewed as clean. The diction of her critique conveys the idea that her sense of her own cleanliness is threatened by the presence of fragrance, especially since she is unable to take regular showers or routinely clean her laundry. This threat of destabilization is emphasized by her description of fragranced people as â€Å"disturbing.† One definition that the Oxford English Dictionary provides for the verb â€Å"to disturb† is: â€Å"to break up the quiet, tranquillity, or rest of a person† (â€Å"disturb†). When Eileen comes in contact with a woman who uses perfume, the narrative she creates for her identity is threatened and, as a result, is broken up because her womanhood is directly called into question. Eileen is not disturbed because she actually believes these people to be perverse, physically dangerous (as in, predatory,) or animal-like, but because they remind her of a lifest yle that is unavailable to women in her position. Furthermore, the use of the word â€Å"paranoid† refers to an â€Å"unnecessary or extreme fear; characterized by unreasonable or excessive suspicion of others† (â€Å"Paranoia†). Not only is Eileen concerned with her own smell, she is especially fearful (perhaps unnecessarily so) of her smell in relation to others—to the â€Å"highly scented people.† Rather than acknowledge her own inability to perform femininity in a conventional sense due to her working class position, Eileen chooses to criticize women who are financially able. However, the cognitive dissonance that affects her character is exposed by her use of diction, as it reveals her discomfort with her own narrative. She casts those of a higher class—who subscribe to certain norms, such as using perfume—in a negative light by aligning the use of fragrance with inauthenticity, while describing herself and Randy—who do not use fragrance or cologne—as genuine and trustworthy. This description alludes to the trope of the romanticization of the working class struggle, which influences the perception of Eileen as a character. It is notable that Eileen attempts to separate herself from those who present themselves to be of a higher class by creating an essentialist and unfavorable description of them, while placing her own value in her complexity and authenticity. The structure of this passage can be divided into sections, based on the syntax: the first section devoted to describing the people who use perfume is exclusively short and simple sentences; the second section, a description of Eileen herself, is a long and complex sentence; the third section, a blanket statement ab out all people, returns to the simple sentence format. In this way, Eileen creates a distinction between herself, an individual, and the rest of women, whom she likens to a dog pack. The binary that she introduces of simplicity and complexity is another example of how she attempts to criticize women of a higher class, while securing her own identity as a complex, rational, and autonomous being. However, her attempt reads more similarly to an overcompensation than a genuine belief, especially when contextualized in her pervasive self-consciousness. This idea of Eileen, a working class individual, as interesting and worthy of a narration underscores the aforementioned trope, while bringing class conflict to the forefront of analysis. Her reactions to the people she fears or detests are not only telling of her specific relationship to class, but also present an opportunity to discuss how rigid class structure affects one’s identity-creation. Despite the fact that, within the diegesis of the story, decades have passed since Eileen had this interaction with the â€Å"highly scented people,† Lena’s narration remains focused on the justification of Eileen’s body odor. Eileen’s fear of the people belonging to a higher class is inescapable, as shown by Lena’s aphorism: â€Å"Nothing calls more attention to one’s odor than a fragrance meant to mask it.† She passes off this class-based insecurity, which has affected her for the majority of her life, as a piece of wisdom that always holds true. While Lena often disagrees with the insecurities or behaviors of Eileen, which she claims to have grown out of, she remains self-conscious about the implications of using fragrance in order to â€Å"mask† one’s odor. The importance of maintaining this mindset about smell to the character’s psyche is further evidenced by the fact that Lena often passes judgment on Eileen’s own â€Å"death mask.† Eileen’s insecurities about her femininity and class have been sublimated into a detestation of fragrance—one that prevails even in her old age, when she has a more comfortable life with extended privileges.

What Are Verbs, and How Are They Used in Spanish

Verbs are used in Spanish much they same way as they are in English. However, there are some key differences, particularly that Spanish has numerous forms of each verb through a process known as conjugation, while English conjugated forms are typically limited to not more than a handful per verb. Definition of ‘Verb’ A verb is a part of speech that expresses action, existence, or mode of being. In both English and Spanish, a verb, to be used in forming a complete sentence, must be accompanied by a noun or pronoun (known as a subject). In Spanish, however, the subject can be implied rather than explicitly stated. So in Spanish a sentence such as Canta (he or she sings) is complete while sings isnt. These sample sentences give examples of Spanish verbs performing each of these three functions. Expressing action: Los dos bailan el tango.  (The two  are dancing  the tango.) Los equipos viajaron a Bolivia. (The teams traveled to Bolivia.)Indicating an occurrence: Es lo que me pasa cada maà ±ana. (It is what happens to me every morning. Note in this Spanish sentence, there is no equivalent of it.) El huevo se convirtià ³ en un sà ­mbolo de la vida. (The egg became a symbol of life.)Indicating a mode of being or equivalence: No estoy en casa. (I am not at home.) El color de ojos es un rasgo genà ©tico. (Eye color is a genetic trait.) The Spanish word for verb is verbo. Both come the Latin verbum, also the word for verb. Verbum and related words in turn come from an Indo-European word were that meant to speak and is related to the English word word. Differences Between Spanish and English Verbs Conjugation The biggest difference between verbs in English and Spanish is the way they change to show who or what is performing the verbs action and the time the verbs action occurs. This change, a type of inflection, is known as conjugation. For both languages, the conjugation usually involves a change to the end of the verb, but it can also involve a change in the main part of the verb as well. English, for example, when speaking of something the occurs in the present, adds an -s or -es to most verbs when the action is being performed in the singular third person (or, in other words, by one person or thing that isnt the speaker or the person addressed). The form doesnt change when the person speaking, the person spoken to, or multiple persons or things are performing the action. Thus walks can be used when saying that he or she walks, but walk is used when referring to the speaker, the listener, or multiple people. In Spanish, however, there are six forms in the simple present tense: como (I eat), comes (you eat), come (he or she eats), comemos (we eat), comà ©is (more than one of you eat), and comen (they eat). Similarly, the conjugation of English changes for the simple past tense simply by added a -d or -ed for regular verbs. Thus the past tense of walk is walked. Spanish, however, changes form depending on who performed the action: comà ­ (I ate), comiste (singular you ate), comià ³ (he or she ate), comemos (we ate), comisteis (plural you ate), comieron (they ate.) The simple changes mentioned above for English are the only regular conjugated forms other than the addition of -ing for the gerund, and -d or -ed for the past participle, while Spanish typically has more than 40 such forms for most verbs. Auxiliary Verbs Because English doesnt have extensive conjugation, it is freer with its use of auxiliary verbs than Spanish is. In English, for example, we can add will to indicate something will happen in the future, as in I will eat. But Spanish has its own future verb forms (such as comerà © for I will eat). English can also use would for hypothetical actions, which are expressed by the conditional conjugation in Spanish. Spanish also has auxiliary verbs, but they arent used as much as in English. Subjunctive Mood Spanish makes extensive use of the subjunctive mood, a verb form used for actions that are desired or imagined rather than real. For example, we leave by itself is salimos, but in translating I hope we leave, we leave becomes salgamos. Subjunctive verbs exist in English but are fairly uncommon and are often optional where theyd be required in Spanish. Because many native English speakers are unfamiliar with the subjunctive, Spanish students in English-speaking areas typically do not learn much about the subjunctive until the second year of study. Tense Differences Although the tenses—the aspect of verbs usually used to indicate when the verbs action takes place—of Spanish and English usually parallel each other, there are differences. For example, some Spanish speakers the the present perfect tense (the equivalent of have past participle in English) for events that happened recently. It is also common in Spanish to use the future tense to indicate that something is likely, a practice unknown in English. Key Takeaways Verbs perform similar functions in English and Spanish as they are used to refer to actions, occurrences, and states of being.Spanish verbs are conjugated extensively, while English verb conjugation is limited.Spanish makes extensive use of the subjunctive mood, which is seldom used in modern English.

Cancer The Most Important Causes And Complications Of...

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer identified in women, and in spite of substantial developments in cancer treatment, it is still the second most important cause of cancer-related deaths. In general, up to 25% of breast cancer patients overexpress HER2 gene. Recently, the mAbs that identify antigens on cancer cells are being used for the targeted therapy of cancer. The antibodies can be used alone or as conjugates for the transport of radioisotopes, toxins, or drugs. Immunotoxins are manufactured by the connection of an antibody to a toxin produced by a plant or a bacteria. In this study, Pseudomonas endotoxin A (PE) and Shiga toxin (STX) and Fv fragments of the anti-ErbB2 mAb herceptin was used to create a single-chain variable†¦show more content†¦Overexpression of the ErbB2 gene has beenfound in many human cancers including lung, breast, ovary, and stomach malignancies(2). About 25% of breast cancer patients overexpress HER2 gene(3, 4). Amplification of HER2 gene has been directly related to the malignant alteration of cancer cells, and therefore, makes it a great target for immunotoxin therapy. This finding has led to the development and approval of the first HER2-targeted therapy(4). Altogether, it is essential to target tumor cells using considerably strong lethal agent as cancer therapeutics.. On one hand, this approach makes it possible to use more potent drugs to treat cancer on the other hand, it may decrease systematic toxicity(5). Antibody-based therapeutics are of high significance in cancer therapy and mAbs that identify antigens on cancer cells are being recruited for the targeted cancer therapy (6). In HER2-positive breast cancer patients, numerous HER2-targeted therapeutics have been effectively designed and approved for the cancer treatment. Trastuzumab (Herceptin), the first accessible HER2 targeted therapy, is a humanized murine IgG monoclonal antibody that binds to the HER2. Antitumor activity of trastuzumab has not been discovered entirely, but, it is assumed to result in antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity, declined intracellular signal transduction, decreased DNA repair and anti angiogenic effects(7). Trastuzumab based treatment policy has established a landmark in theShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : The Second Most Common Cause Of Cancer Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pages Breast Cancer Part A:- According to Cancer council Australia, Breast cancer was the second most common cause of cancer death in women in 2012 whereas it is expected to be the 3rd most common cause of cancer death this year. In 2012, 15166 cases of new breast cancer were diagnosed whereas the estimated number of new breast cancer diagnosis in 2016 is about 16084 with 90% five year survival rate. (Cancer Australia â€Å", 2016). 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Curley and Slim in Of Mice and Men free essay sample

‘Of Mice and Men’, written by John Steinbeck, is a novel set in 1930s California and tells the story of two migrant workers, George Milton and Lennie Small, who move from ranch to ranch looking for work during the Great Depression. This novel is set while George and Lennie are in a small working ranch in the Salinas Valley of northern California, and over a period of 3 days we are introduced to a variety of characters that also live on the ranch. This essay will show how Steinbeck develops and presents two of the minor characters; Curley, the boss’ son, and Slim, the jerkline skinner. The introductory paragraphs of these two characters are interesting because they are highly contrasted. We are first introduced to Curley, â€Å"a thin, young man† on page 46. The use of the word â€Å"thin† (as opposed to Lennie’s opening description of being George’s â€Å"huge companion†) implies that he is delicate, fragile, weak, and the word â€Å"young† suggests he is brash, arrogant, and connotes naivety. We will write a custom essay sample on Curley and Slim in Of Mice and Men or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Furthermore, Curley is immediately compared with his father, the boss of the ranch. A few pages before, on page 41, we are introduced to the first description of the boss, in which it says â€Å"on his head was a soiled brown Stetson hat, and he wore high heeled boots and spurs to prove he was not a labouring man. † Curley, â€Å"like the boss†, also wears high heeled boots. Steinbeck deliberately uses the word â€Å"prove† as it instantly demonstrates to the reader that Curley’s position in the ranch is extremely important to him he wants everyone to know that he is the boss’ son; however he needs to show he holds power over the others, rather than naturally receiving this authority. Steinbeck, in my opinion, has used imagery to try and show the connection the boss and his son have by them wearing the same shoes. This adds to the development of the character because from our first view of him we already see a man who wants to dominate and control. Candy says Curley â€Å"won’t ever get canned ‘cause his old man’s the boss†, which is a good example of social injustice and corruption – a theme that runs throughout ‘of Mice and Men. ’ Steinbeck is trying to show, through Curley, that even the people with a position of power and wealth can still lead the unhappiest of lives, and that these two things aren’t the main necessities of life. The first mention of Slim comes from Candy (otherwise known as ‘the swamper’), and not from the narrator, who says â€Å"Slim’s a jerkline skinner. Hell of a nice fella. Slim don’t need to wear no high heeled boots. † Steinbeck therefore implies that Slim is of a higher authority than Curley, as he doesn’t need to â€Å"prove† his status by wearing high heeled boots, but gains it naturally. This is a trait that, throughout the novella, Curley is clearly extremely envious of. As a reader you are persuaded towards a certain viewpoint by the other ranch members, and so before you have even met Slim you already see him as â€Å"God-like. † Slim makes his first appearance on page 56, where it says â€Å"a tall man stood in the doorway. † Steinbeck seems to use body size as an indicator of who holds the power in the ranch. Candy says Curley is â€Å"alla time picking scraps with big guys. Kind of like he’s mad at ‘em because he ain’t a big guy† which demonstrates that Curley is constantly trying to appear bigger and tougher than he really is; he believes that the reason he doesn’t have the authority he should for being the boss’ son is because of his height. Slim, on the other hand, has naturally got a big build another way that Steinbeck presents Slim as gaining authority without trying. Steinbeck goes on to describe Slim in a manner that no other character received. Whereas with the other characters the focalizer seems to be perceived from a distance, with Slim it shifts into the perspective of almost a best friend; and the narrator uses compelling emotion to describe him affectionately. This change of perspective indicates to the reader that Slim is an important character in the novella, therefore foreshadowing the fact that he may play a major part in the future. Steinbeck says that Slim is the â€Å"prince of the ranch† and that he â€Å"moved with a majesty only achieved by royalty. † Steinbeck’s deliberate use of the word â€Å"prince† instantly shows us that Slim is the usurper of Curley’s position: Curley, as the son of the â€Å"king† of the ranch should, technically, be known as the â€Å"prince†, yet Slim has been accepted as this. Steinbeck uses the Stetson hat to show Slim’s status, as the hat symbolises a crown. We begin to get an understanding of why Curley is jealous of Slim; Slim is everything Curley wishes to be. Steinbeck always talks of Slim with dignity, majesty and respect, and manages to show how talented he is by using an ascending tri-colon to talk about Slims difficult job as a jerkline skinner. â€Å"He was capable of driving ten, sixteen, even twenty mules with a single line to the leaders. † This heightens the impressiveness of Slims skilled work, and could be interpreted as Slim was a hard worker, who had achieved his authoritative position by being skilled at the hardest job on the farm. However, Steinbeck could also be saying that the â€Å"mules† represent the ranchers, and that Slim is able to control and lead all the ranchers using the littlest force possible, as opposed to Curleys harsh and more physical attempts at controlling them. Steinbeck also says â€Å"there was gravity in his [Slims] manner. † The use of the word â€Å"gravity† is interesting because it could be perceived as saying that his manner was serious and solemn, but on the other hand it could be referring to the fact that the other ranchers naturally gravitate towards Slim as their leader. It could also be linked to Slim’s size, as the larger an object is, the bigger the gravitational pull. Steinbeck also describes Slim as â€Å"understanding†, a characteristic we see later on when George confides in Slim. Despite Slims elevated status, Steinbeck manages to present Slim as a representation of migrant workers. By describing him as ‘royalty’ and a ‘master craftsmen’, he is immediately elevated above the rest of the ranchers, however he then deliberately uses phrases â€Å"like the others† (when talking about what he wears) to show that Slim is still part of the microcosm of the social standings of that time. We can compare the clothes Slim wears (blue jeans and a denim jacket), to the clothes that George and Lennie are wearing. Not only that, but this also backs up the point that Slim has earned power by just being himself – he doesn’t act any different from the others, nor does he elevate himself above the rest, yet he still gains their respect. From the start, Steinbeck makes Slim above the other men and this continues until the end of the novel. One of the main themes of ‘of Mice and Men’ is the idea of the American Dream. Each of the characters at least once in the book talk about a dream they wish to fulfil; a dream that would enable them to follow their own desires and be forever content with their life. George and Lennie often talk about owning a farm, and Curley’s wife tells Lennie just before her death that she dreams of becoming an actress. Slim, however, is the only character who never mentions a life he wishes he had, and ignores the illusory promise of dreams he knows will never come true. He accepts the life he leads and strives to do it well, rather than wishing for something better. Steinbeck himself never believed in the American Dream, in his lifetime he witnessed many immigrants moving to America in the hope of achieving this ‘American Dream’ and failing. Through the character of Slim, Steinbeck is trying to tell the reader that dreaming for things that are unrealistic is a waste of time, and you will get more out of life if you are grateful and satisfied with the life you lead. Steinbeck uses Curley’s eye contact with the other characters to indicate what his personality is like. Upon meeting Lennie for the first time, Curley’s eyes â€Å"stopped† and he â€Å"glanced coldly† at George and then at Lennie. Already, Curley is trying to act authoritative, and he seems to think that making this first impression on George and Lennie will put him in a position of power. These both have negative connotations, and give the reader the impression that Curley is judgemental and bitter. â€Å"His glance was at once calculating and pugnacious† just from once glance, Steinbeck is showing that Curley already wants a fight with the newcomer. However, the words â€Å"calculating†, â€Å"stiffened† and â€Å"gingerly† that Steinbeck then uses contrast this, and give the reader the impression that he is, in fact, nervous, unsure and frightened. What’s more, is despite the fact that Lennie is a lot larger than Curley (a reason as to why Curley was scared to fight him), he is still â€Å"squirming under the look† that Curley was giving him. This implies that Curley was looking down on him, an act people do when trying to coming across as dominant. This is yet another attempt to come across as bigger, tougher, and more powerful than he really is. Steinbeck deliberately uses eye contact to show the development and relationship change between Curley and Lennie from when they first meet and just after their first physical conflict. At first, Curley â€Å"stared levelly† at Lennie, but after the fight on page 93, Curley â€Å"avoided looking† at Lennie. This is probably because Curley has just lost the fight to Lennie, as Lennie crushed his hand without really trying, neither of them realising the strength Lennie beholds. This links to Steinbeck’s idea of the impossibility of the American Dream and the harsh reality that these dreams don’t come true – Curley’s dream is to have authority, therefore Lennie not only crushed his hand, but at the same time he crushed Curley’s dream of gaining the social status he so desires. We are now introduced to the weaker, not-so-tough side of Curley, and here Steinbeck allows the reader to see through this fake image that Curley is aiming to give across to the others. It is interesting how Steinbeck uses Curley’s eye contact with the other ranchers to impose power and to give the reader an insight into his true personality, and how the other characters use their own eyes to see through this facade of Curley’s. The fact that it was Curley’s hand that was crushed in the fight is also very significant. Curley is often described as â€Å"handy†, suggesting his ability and eagerness to fight. Within the same conversation, Curley’s hands are referred too again, saying that Curley keeps one hand â€Å"soft for his wife† by covering it with a â€Å"glove fulla Vaseline. † Curley is forever trying to prove his masculinity to the others, and one major way that he does this is by having one hand kept free for his wife and the other kept free for a fight. Therefore, it is clear why having his hand crushed was so humiliating for Curley as this action automatically emasculated him. Having two working hands is also a necessity for working on the farm, and we see another character, Candy, unable to work on the ranch due to the loss of one hand. His fellow ranchers think of him as weak, so the fact that Curley has now also lost the use of one hand automatically makes him appear even more insubstantial to the others. Hands are also used symbolically throughout the novel for the other characters aswell. In contrast, Slim’s hands are â€Å"large and lean† and as â€Å"delicate in their action as those of a temple dancer. † This simile suggests that his hands were talented in what they do, yet also delicate, making him sound somewhat feminine. â€Å"Delicate† also connotes words such as gentle, kind and considerate – words that could be used when describing Slim’s personality. Another way that Steinbeck presents the characters of Curley and Slim is through animalistic imagery. He describes Curley as a â€Å"terrier†. Terriers are small, agile and aggressive – traits that Curley possesses. Furthermore, terriers were traditionally bred to hunt, and will go to extreme lengths to catch their prey, and perhaps Steinbeck is using this to connote Curley wanting to hunt down Lennie†¦ Terriers also have extremely strong jaws and when they bite something they do not let go of it, which is also demonstrating the fact that Curley will not stop until he gets what he wants. Steinbeck uses the simile â€Å"flopping like a fish† to describe Curley after the fight. The verb â€Å"flopping† suggests that Curley is now defenceless, and has no control of his body movements. The image of how fish are caught also reinforces how Curley was completely defenceless until Lennie let go of his hold; there is no release for a fish until the hook is removed. Fish only â€Å"flop† when they are in an unnatural habitat; thus illustrating that Curley was out of his comfort zone, and not equipped well enough to survive a fight with Lennie. Overall, Steinbeck uses many different techniques to develop these two minor characters and use them to reflect his own attitudes. He uses Curley as a representation of the fact that it is not only the poor who lead a bleak and unhappy life, but also the people who constantly crave more than what they’ve got. Through Slim, he shows that you are more likely to succeed and live a fulfilled life if you accept and appreciate your life as it is. As the narrator, Steinbeck is able to make the reader admire Slim before they have even been introduced to him. By contrasting Slim’s introduction to Curley’s introduction, the reader from the start is swayed into thinking that these two men represent the good and the evil. Steinbeck subtly uses eye contact and animalistic imagery to show two things; how the characters contrast and how Curley develops throughout the novel, from a seemingly strong, arrogant person to one who is weak and unhappy. Although these two characters only have a small part, they play a big role in how the novel pans out and have a big effect on all the other characters.

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